wilhelm tell schiller youtube

Projekt Gutenberg | Die weltweit größte kostenlose deutschsprachige Volltext-Literatursammlung | Klassische Werke von A bis Z | Bücher gratis online lesen [citation needed], In Switzerland, the importance of Tell had declined somewhat by the end of the 19th century, outside of Altdorf and Interlaken which established their tradition of performing Schiller's play in regular intervals in 1899 and 1912, respectively. Wodehouse's William Tell Told Again (1904), written in prose and verse with characteristic Wodehousian flair. [6], The church of Bürglen had a bell dedicated to Tell from 1581, and a nearby chapel has a fresco dated to 1582 showing Tell's death in the Schächenbach.[11]. Schillers Wilhelm Tell 1911, Ginn and Company in German / Deutsch - Ed. Peter Hagendorf, a soldier in the Thirty Years' War, mentions a visit to 'the chapel where William Tell escaped' in his diary. 1570", or "before 1572". [32] This book offended Swiss citizens, and a copy of it was burnt publicly at the Altdorf square. Tell was reluctant to answer, but Gessler promised that he would not kill him; he replied that, had he killed his son, he would have killed Gessler with the second bolt. Zu dem Hirten: Landsmann, tröstet Ihr Mein Weib, wenn mir was Menschliches begegnet, Ich hab getan, was ich nicht lassen konnte. Tell zu Baumgarten: Ihr habt jetzt meiner weiter nicht vonnöten, Zu jenem Hause gehet ein, dort wohnt Der Stauffacher, ein Vater der Bedrängten. Tell is a central figure in Swiss national historiography, along with Arnold von Winkelried the hero of Sempach (1386). Tell and his son were both to be executed; however, he could redeem his life by shooting an apple off the head of his son Walter in a single attempt. Wilhelm Tell mit der Armbrust. 069. Unternährer and Dahinden fled to the Entlebuch alps before the arrival of the troops of general Sebastian Peregrin Zwyers; Zemp escaped to the Alsace. The canton of Uri, in defiant reaction to this decision taken at the federal level, erected the Tell Monument in Altdorf in 1895, with the date 1307 inscribed prominently on the base of the statue. According to the legend, Tell was an expert marksman with the crossbow who assassinated Albrecht Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of the Austrian dukes of the House of Habsburg positioned in Altdorf, in the canton of Uri. zzzz. In an ambush, they managed to injure Dulliker and killed a member of the Lucerne parliament, Caspar Studer. Around 1836 the first William Tell patterned playing cards were produced in Pest, Hungary. 298 "The Three Tells", Translation of Grimm's Saga No. Schiller based his play on chronicles of the Swiss liberation movement, in which Wilhelm Tell played a major role. Tell's defiance and tyrannicide encouraged the population to open rebellion and a pact against the foreign rulers with neighbouring Schwyz and Unterwalden, marking the foundation of the Swiss Confederacy. [30] A French edition of his book, written by Gottlieb Emanuel von Haller (Guillaume Tell, Fable danoise), was burnt in Altdorf. Er trifft auf den Jäger Werni, den Hirten Kuoni und den Fischer Ruodi und fleht sie an, ihn über den See in Sicherheit zu bringen. Schillers großer Klassiker über den schweizerischen Freiheitskampf ist … The first film about Tell was made by French director Charles Pathé in 1900; only a short fragment survives. Such additional detail includes Tell's given name Wilhelm, and his being a native of Bürglen, Uri in the Schächental, the precise date of the apple-shot, given as 18 November 1307 as well as the account of Tell's death in 1354. Tschudi is known to habitually have "fleshed out" his sources, so that all detail from Tschudi not found in the earlier accounts may be suspected of being Tschudi's invention. Jahrhundert. 069. Arbeitsblätter zum Ausdrucken von sofatutor.com „Wilhelm Tell“ – Interpretationsansatz und Rezeptionsgeschichte (Schiller) 1 Schildere, wie „Wilhelm Tell“ für nationalistische Zwecke missbraucht werden konnte. The city became known for its manufacturing, especially of fine wood furniture. ‎Die Schweiz im 13. John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, was inspired by Tell. It is Tschudi's version that became influential in early modern Switzerland and entered public consciousness as the "William Tell" legend. The town was originally dubbed Helvetia, but was quickly changed to Tell City to honor the legendary Swiss hero. Wilhelm Tell - Ebook written by Friedrich Schiller. so that Tschudi's version of the legend is not only used as a model in Friedrich Schiller's play William Tell (1804) For more than 150 years, it existed only in manuscript form, before finally being edited in 1734–1736. He obtained a copy of Tschudi's chronicles and considered writing a play about Tell, but ultimately gave the idea to his friend Friedrich von Schiller, who in 1803–04 wrote the play Wilhelm Tell, first performed on 17 March 1804, in Weimar. [5] According to Tschudi, Tell fought again against Austria in the 1315 Battle of Morgarten. 3 Beschreibe, welche Auslöser für den Aufstand im Drama angeführt werden. The text then enumerates the cantons of the Confederacy, and says was expanded with "current events" during the course of the Burgundy Wars, ending with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477.[2]. in, This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 13:45. These include the account in the chronicle of Melchior Russ from Lucerne. A striking similarity between William Tell and Palnatoki is that both heroes take more than one arrow out of their quiver. Tell sieht oft mit unruhiger Erwartung nach der Höhe des Weges. In: De Capitani (2013): [4] Tell's act sparked a rebellion, which led to the formation of the Old Swiss Confederacy. He raised a pole under the village lindentree, hung his hat on top of it, and demanded that all the townsfolk bow before it. [25], Schweizer Helden ("Swiss Heroes", English title Unlikely Heroes) is a 2014 film about the performance of a simplified version of Schiller's play by asylum seekers in Switzerland. The French Navy also had a Tonnant class ship of the line named Guillaume Tell, which was captured by the British Royal Navy in 1800. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe learned of the Tell saga during his travels through Switzerland between 1775 and 1795. Heinrich Brennwald in the early 16th century mentions the chapel (Tellskapelle) on the site of Tell's leap from his captors' boat. Tell is represented as facing the viewer, with his right hand raised, the left holding the crossbow. Wenn er mitten auf der Szene ist, wirft er sich nieder, die Hände zu der Erde und dann zum Himmel ausbreitend. Other Titles Wilhelm Tell. Tell split the apple with a bolt from his crossbow. [21][22] Hitler is reported to have exclaimed at a banquet in 1942: "Why did Schiller have to immortalize that Swiss sniper! During the World Wars, Tell was again revived, somewhat artificially, as a national symbol. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by Project Gutenberg. Was die drei großen Handlungsstränge sind und wie es zu dem legendären Apfelschuss kommt - das erzählt dir Lisa im neuen Video! Gessler was furious and ordered Tell to be bound, saying that he had promised to spare his life, but would imprison him for the remainder of his life. but is also reported in historiographical works of the time, including Johannes von Müller's History of the Swiss Confederation (German: Geschichte Schweizerischer Eidgenossenschaft, 1780).[8]. Am Vierwaldstätter See erscheint Konrad Baumgarten, dem die Soldaten auf den Versen sind, weil er den Burgvogt von Unterwalden ermordet hat. Tell: Wohl aus des Vogts Gewalt errett ich Euch, Aus Sturmesnöten muss ein andrer helfen. As with William Tell, Palnatoki is forced by the ruler (in this case King Harald Bluetooth) to shoot an apple off his son's head as proof of his marksmanship. Wilhelm Tell (1908) — Wilhelm Tell Die Wilhelm Tell … Gessler then noticed that Tell had removed two crossbow bolts from his quiver, so he asked why. [16] The William Tell Overture is one of his best-known and most frequently imitated pieces of music; in the 20th century, the finale of the overture became the theme for the radio, television, and motion picture incarnations of The Lone Ranger, a fictional American frontier hero. Tschudi's continues that Tell was being carried in Gessler's boat to the dungeon in the castle at Küssnacht when a storm broke on Lake Lucerne, and the guards were afraid that their boat would sink. Friedrich Schiller stellt in Wilhelm Tell nicht nur die Legende um Wilhelm Tell und den Schweizer Gründungsmythos dar. Tell: Es ist der eine, der sie schützt und nährt. Gessler was intrigued by Tell's famed marksmanship, but resentful of his defiance, so he devised a cruel punishment. .Eine Filmproduktion der Urs Film Schweiz 1960 Dialekt Original Archiv des Urhebers. [2] Schau mal bei den anderen musstewissen-Kanälen vorbei:►http://bit.ly/Mathe_Abo►http://bit.ly/Chemie_Abo ►http://bit.ly/Geschichte_Abo►http://bit.ly/Physik_AboMehr von musstewissen auf Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/musstewissenfaktenWir gehören auch zu #funk. The success of this work established the association of Tell as a fighter against tyranny with the history of the French Revolution. Gioachino Rossini used Schiller's play as the basis for his 1829 opera William Tell. The story of a great outlaw successfully shooting an apple from his child's head is an archetype present in the story of Egil in the Thidreks saga (associated with the god Ullr in Eddaic tradition) as well as in the stories of Adam Bell from England, Palnatoki from Denmark, and a story from Holstein. Tell: Dergleichen Taten bringet jeder Tag, Kein Wunderzeichen braucht sie zu verkünden. Werni und Kuoni drängen Ruodi ihn zu r… The return of Tell in times of need was already foretold in the Tellenlied of 1653 and symbolically fulfilled in the impersonation of the Three Tells by costumed individuals, in one instance culminating in an actual assassination executed by these impersonators in historical costume. Debate in the late 19th to 20th centuries mostly surrounded the extent of the "historical nucleus" in the chronistic traditions surrounding the early Confederacy. His powerful hand rests lovingly on the shoulder of little Walter, but the apple is not shown. [7], The Chronicon Helveticum was compiled by Aegidius Tschudi of Glarus in the years leading up to his death in early 1572. Schiller's Wilhelm Tell This edition published in 1904 by J.M. Tschudi mentions a "holy cottage" (heilig hüslin) built on the site of Gessler's assassination. According to Tschudi's account, William Tell was known as a strong man, a mountain climber, and an expert shot with the crossbow. Following a national competition, won by Richard Kissling, Altdorf in 1895 erected a monument to its hero. Therefore, there is no clear "date of publication" of the chronicle, and its date of composition can only be given approximately, as "ca. Er kommt mit raschen Schritten, blickt erstaunt umher und zeigt die heftigste Bewegung. 35–41) that the legend of the master marksman shooting an apple (or similar small target) was known outside the Germanic sphere (Germany, Scandinavia, England) and the adjacent regions (Finland and the Baltic) in India, Arabia, Persia and the Balkans (Serbia). Tell: Ja wohl ist's besser, Kind, die Gletscherberge Im Rücken zu haben, als die bösen Menschen. The depiction is in marked contrast with that used by the Helvetic Republic, where Tell is shown as a landsknecht rather than a peasant, with a sword at his belt and a feathered hat, bending down to pick up his son who is still holding the apple. The Danish legend of Palnatoki, first attested in the twelfth-century Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus,[34] is the earliest known parallel to the Tell legend. Tell still remains a popular figure in Swiss culture. Tell: Dort darf der Nachbar nicht dem Nachbar trauen. Tell City High School uses these symbols in its crest or logo, and the sports teams are called "The Marksmen." Characters and scenes from the opera William Tell are recognisable on the court cards and Aces of William Tell cards, playing cards that were designed in Hungary around 1835. Schiller's Wilhelm Tell: with introduction, notes and a vocabulary 1911, Macmillan in English bbbb. They appeared at a number of important peasant conferences during the war, symbolizing the continuity of the present rebellion with the resistance movement against the Habsburg overlords at the origin of the Swiss Confederacy. Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), p. 279. The reason for the ban is not known, but may have been related to the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1938 by young Swiss Maurice Bavaud[20] (executed on 14 May 1941, and later dubbed "a new William Tell" by Rolf Hochhuth), or the subversive nature of the play. "From this time [late 18th century] the debates surrounding Tell took place In 1858, the Swiss Colonization Society, a group of Swiss and German immigrants to the United States, founded its first (and only) planned city on the banks of the Ohio River in Perry County, Indiana. 1829 in Paris … Universal-Lexikon. [35] Edition Notes Series The Temple classics, Temple classics Genre Drama. Doch was ihr tut, lasst mich aus eurem Rat, Ich kann nicht lange prüfen oder wählen, Bedürft ihr meiner zu bestimmter Tat, Dann ruft den Tell, es soll … They begged Gessler to remove Tell's shackles so that he could take the helm and save them. The design of the Federal 5 francs coin issued from 1922 features the bust of a generic "mountain shepherd" designed by Paul Burkard, but due to a similarity of the bust with Kissling's statue, in spite of the missing beard, it was immediately widely identified as Tell. They were said to be asleep in a cave at the Rigi. Salvador Dalí painted The Old Age of William Tell and William Tell and Gradiva in 1931, and The Enigma of William Tell in 1933. William Tell, verse drama in five acts by German dramatist Friedrich Schiller, published and produced in 1804 as Wilhelm Tell. [28] Dated to 1482, this is an incoherent compilation of older writings, including the Song of the Founding of the Confederation, Conrad Justinger's Bernese Chronicle, and the Chronicle of the State of Bern (in German, Chronik der Stadt Bern). Dent and Co. in London. 1570. Er schloss es 1804 ab, am 17. The Three Tells after the deed went to mass, still wearing their costumes, without being molested. [3] [1], An equally early account of Tell is found in the Tellenlied, a song composed in the 1470s, with its oldest extant manuscript copy dating to 1501. The Three Tells (die Drei Tellen, also die Drei Telle) were symbolic figures of the Swiss Peasant War of 1653. By the 18th century, the Drei Tellen had become associated with a sleeping hero legend. [6] [13] It is also the subject of Felicia Hemans's poem The Cavern of the Three Tells of 1824. When asked why he pulled several arrows out of his quiver, Palnatoki, too, replies that if he had struck his son with the first arrow, he would have shot King Harald with the remaining two arrows. Find Wilhelm Tell by Schiller, Friedrich at Biblio. The "sleeping hero" version of the Three Tells legend was published in Deutsche Sagen by the Brothers Grimm in 1816 (no. Gioachino Rossini's four-act opera Guillaume Tell was written to a French adaptation of Schiller's play. Er schrieb sein Drama vor dem Hintergrund des herausragenden historischen Ereignisses seiner Zeit, der Französischen Revolu-tion(1789 –1799),die zuBeginnvon vielenbejubeltwurde, dann The first reference to Tell, as yet without a specified given name, appears in the White Book of Sarnen (German: Weisses Buch von Sarnen). Wilhelm Tell - Ebook written by Friedrich Schiller. 2 Fasse zusammen, wie die Thematik von Aufstand und Revolution im Drama behandelt wird. "[18](He himself was shot to death, without standing trial, days later.). Schaut’ da unbedingt rein:YouTube: https://youtube.com/funkofficialFunk Web-App: https://go.funk.netFacebook: https://facebook.com/funkhttps://go.funk.net/impressum Das Drama Wilhelm Tell wurde 1804 von Friedrich von Schiller verfasst. Many of the activities occur on the grounds of City Hall and Main Street, at the feet of the Tell statue. Lamenting the negative reaction to his action, Booth wrote in his journal on 21 April 1865 "with every man's hand against me, I am here in despair. William escaped and led an successful uprising. Adolf Hitler was enthusiastic about Schiller's play, quoting it in his Mein Kampf, and approving of a German/Swiss co-production of the play in which Hermann Göring's mistress Emmy Sonnemann appeared as Tell's wife. Von Haller underwent a trial, but the authorities spared his life, as he made abject apologies.[33]. zzzz. [12], Even though it did not have any direct political effect, its symbolic value was considerable, placing the Lucerne authorities in the role of the tyrant (Habsburg and Gessler) and the peasant population in that of the freedom fighters (Tell). During the 15th century, in the Swiss canton of Uri, the legendary hero Wilhelm Tell leads the people of the forest cantons in rebellion against tyrannical Austrian rule. Dann stell sie in den Kommentaren! In 1653, three men dressed in historical costume representing the Three Tells appeared in Schüpfheim. They expressed the hope of the subject population to repeat the success story of the rebellion against Habsburg in the early 14th century. Wer Schwierigkeiten hat, Schillers Wilhelm Tell zu verstehen, dem kann hier geholfen werden - mit Erklärungen und einer mp3-Datei, in der die Szene präsentiert wird. Schiller's Wilhelm Tell: with introduction, notes and a vocabulary 1911, Macmillan in English bbbb. In July 1654, Zemp betrayed his successor Stadelmann in exchange for pardon and Stadelmann was executed on 15 July 1654.[12]. Tell ran cross-country to Küssnacht with Gessler in pursuit. Download for print-disabled 068. Es geht um die historischen Ereignisse zur Befreiung der Schweiz aus der Gewaltherrschaft der Österreicher. Rochholz further compares Indo-European and oriental traditions and concludes (pp. ", 'The Cavern of the Three Tells', a poem by Felicia Hemans, Learn how and when to remove this template message, According to a 2004 survey of 620 participants performed by the, Translation of Grimm's Saga No. The first impersonators of the Three Tells were Hans Zemp, Kaspar Unternährer of Schüpfheim and Ueli Dahinden of Hasle. Other impersonations of the Three Tells also appeared in the Freie Ämter and in the Emmental. Indem sie nach dem Hintergrund abgehen, tritt Wilhelm Tell mit Baumgarten vorn auf die Szene. Such parallels were pointed out as early as 1760 by Gottlieb Emanuel von Haller and the pastor Simeon Uriel Freudenberger in a book titled "William Tell, a Danish Fable" (German: Der Wilhelm Tell, ein dänisches Mährgen). The cards became popular throughout the Austrian Empire during the Revolution of 1848. [34] on two separate levels: The historicity question was left to experts, who increasingly doubted the existence of Tell as historical figure, because it could not be reconciled with the documentary tradition regarding the origin of the Confederacy. William Tell (German: Wilhelm Tell) is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804.The story focuses on the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell as part of the greater Swiss struggle for independence from the Habsburg Empire in the early 14th century. Not in Library. However, on 3 June 1941, Hitler had the play banned. 1804 uraufgeführt, ist das Stück über den Schweizer Freiheitskämpfer und Nationalhelden inzwischen ein … Er schloss es 1804 ab, am 17. In this context, Wilhelm Oechsli was commissioned by the federal government with publishing a "scientific account" of the foundational period of the Confederacy in order to defend the choice of 1291 over 1307 (the traditional date of Tell's deed and the Rütlischwur) as the foundational date of the Swiss state. Das Drama Wilhelm Tell wurde 1804 von Friedrich von Schiller verfasst. Since Tell’s existence has never been proven, Schiller, a historian by profession, felt he had to devise a figure who would bring the uncertainties and contradictions of … They were inspired by Schiller's play and made during tense relations with the ruling Habsburgs. "[21], Charlie Chaplin parodies William Tell in his famous 1928 silent movie The Circus. Das Drama, im Stüssi: Ja, wohl dem, der sein Feld bestellt in Ruh, Und ungekränkt daheim sitzt bei den Seinen. The representation was designed as part of a larger scene showing "Gessler's death", one of seven scenes created for the Swiss National Museum competition. In his time, the House of Habsburg emperors of Austria were seeking to dominate Uri, and Tell became one of the conspirators of Werner Stauffacher who vowed to resist Habsburg rule. For example, in 1923 the Swiss Post introduced horns for their coach service based on the overture of Rossini's Tell opera, Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Wilhelm Tell. Walther: Vater, es wird mir eng im weiten Land, Da wohn ich lieber unter den Lawinen. 8. Wilhelm Tell — Wịlhelm Tẹll, französisch »Guillaume Tell« [gi joːm ], Oper von G. Rossini, Text von Étienne de Jouy (* 1764, 1846) und Hippolyte Louis Florent Bis (* 1789, 1855) nach F. Schiller; Uraufführung am 3. Still essentially based on the account in the White Book, Tschudi adds further detail. Hodlers Weg zum Nationalmaler am Beispiel seines „Wilhelm Tell“. He was important as a symbol during the formative stage of modern Switzerland in the 19th century, known as the period of Restoration and Regeneration, as well as in the wider history of 18th- to 19th-century Europe as a symbol of resistance against aristocratic rule, especially in the Revolutions of 1848 against the House of Habsburg which still ruled Austria five hundred years later. According to a 2004 survey, a majority of Swiss believed that he actually existed. Schiller's Tell is heavily inspired by the political events of the late 18th century, the French and American revolutions, in particular. Schiller's play was performed at Interlaken (the Tellspiele) in the summers of 1912 to 1914, 1931 to 1939 and every year since 1947. [27], The skeptical view of Tell's existence remained very unpopular, especially after the adoption of Tell as depicted in Schilller's 1804 play as national hero in the nascent Swiss patriotism of the Restoration and Regeneration period of the Swiss Confederation. [12], Dahinden and Unternährer returned in their roles of Tells, joined by Hans Stadelmann replacing Zemp. Set in the early 14th century (traditional date 1307, during the rule of Albert of Habsburg), the first written records of the legend date to the latter part of the 15th century, when the Swiss Confederacy was gaining military and political influence. Chamois hunter William Tell refused and was forced to shoot an apple placed on his son's head. Rochholz (1877) connects the similarity of the Tell legend to the stories of Egil and Palnatoki with the legends of a migration from Sweden to Switzerland during the Middle Ages. März 1804 wurde es am Weimarer Hoftheater uraufgeführt. Tell assassinated him using the second crossbow bolt, along a stretch of the road cut through the rock between Immensee and Küssnacht, which is known as the Hohle Gasse. The William Tell Overture is often played by the school's pep band at high school games. Antoine-Marin Lemierre wrote a play inspired by Tell in 1766 and revived it in 1786. outlook, Swiss historians were looking to dismantle the foundational legends of Swiss statehood as unhistorical national myth. The Physical Object Pagination 303 p. Number of pages 303 ID Numbers Open Library OL14041124M Internet Archive schillerswilhelm00schirich. In the 1840s, Joseph Eutych Kopp (1793–1866) published skeptical reviews of the folkloristic aspects of the foundational legends of the Old Confederacy, causing "polemical debates" both within and outside of academia. He also adduces parallels in folktales among the Finns and the Lapps (Sami). Throughout the long nineteenth century, and into the World War II period, Tell was perceived as a symbol of rebellion against tyranny both in Switzerland and in Europe. Tell gibt ihm die Hand: Der Tell holt ein verlornes Lamm vom Abgrund, Und sollte seinen Freunden sich entziehen? Read Listen. This circumstance could no longer be ignored, at the latest, with the post-1845 publications by Joseph Eutych Kopp, who in contrast to [Johannes von] Müller relied on documentary evidence and consequently rejected the folkloristic elements of the liberation tradition such as Tell or the Rütli oath. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Wilhelm Tell, by Friedrich Schiller This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. William Tell (German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell; Romansh: Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland. There are a number of sources for the Tell legend later than the earliest account in the White Book of Sarnen but earlier than Tschudi's version of ca. Tell became, as it were, the mascot of the short-lived republic, his figure being featured on its official seal. William Tell (German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell; Romansh: Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland.According to the legend, Tell was an expert marksman with the crossbow who assassinated Albrecht Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of the Austrian dukes of the House of Habsburg positioned in Altdorf, in the canton of Uri. Das Drama, im Paratext von Schiller schlicht als „Schauspiel“ apostrophiert, nimmt den Stoff des Schweizer Nationalmythos um Wilhelm Tell … In Tell's bearded face, Hodler combines self-portrait with allusion the face of Christ.[19]. Walther: Sie können sich nicht mutig selbst beschützen? The song begins with the Tell legend, which it presents as the origin of the Confederacy, calling Tell the "first confederate". Hodler's depiction of Tell was often described as sacral, and compared to classical depictionons of God Father, Moses, John the Baptist, Jesus, or the Archangel Michael. In Tschudi's account, on 18 November 1307, Tell visited Altdorf with his young son. 517 "Wilhelm Tell", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tell&oldid=993970894, 14th century in the Old Swiss Confederacy, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Romansh-language text, Articles needing additional references from November 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Head, Randolph C. "William Tell and His Comrades: Association and Fraternity in the Propaganda of Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Switzerland."

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